A shoulder dislocation happens when the upper arm bone (humerus) is pushed or pulled out of its socket in the shoulder blade (scapula). This is a common injury caused by falls, sports activities, or sudden trauma, leading to intense pain, swelling, and an inability to move the arm properly. In some cases, the injury also affects surrounding ligaments, tendons, or nerves, which can increase the risk of repeated dislocations in the future.
While a dislocated shoulder can be alarming, effective treatment is available to restore function and reduce the likelihood of recurrence. This article explores both non-surgical and surgical options, along with what to expect from recovery.
Treatment Options for Shoulder Dislocation
The approach to treatment depends on factors such as the severity of the injury, whether it is a first-time or recurring dislocation, and the individual’s level of activity. Some cases can be managed without surgery, while others require surgical intervention to stabilise the joint and prevent further dislocations.
Non-Surgical Treatment
Non-surgical treatments focus on repositioning the joint, relieving pain, and strengthening the shoulder to improve stability. These approaches are typically recommended for first-time dislocations or when there is minimal structural damage.
Manual Reduction
A doctor gently manoeuvres the humerus back into its socket through controlled movements. This restores normal alignment and immediately reduces pain. In some cases, sedation or local anaesthesia may be given to ease discomfort.
Immobilisation
After the joint is repositioned, the arm is placed in a sling to allow tissues to heal. The length of immobilisation depends on the injury’s severity, typically ranging from a few days to several weeks.
Pain and Inflammation Management
Ice packs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or prescribed pain relief medications help control swelling and discomfort. Rest is also recommended to avoid strain during the healing process.
Rehabilitation and Strengthening Exercises
A structured physiotherapy programme gradually restores range of motion and strengthens the muscles that support the shoulder. This is key to reducing the risk of future dislocations. Exercises focus on the rotator cuff, scapular muscles, and joint control.
If non-surgical management does not provide sufficient stability or if dislocations happen repeatedly, surgical treatment may be necessary.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery is considered when the shoulder remains unstable despite rehabilitation or when there is significant damage to bones, ligaments, or cartilage. The goal is to restore stability and prevent further dislocations.
Arthroscopic Repair
This is a minimally invasive procedure where a small camera (arthroscope) and specialised surgical instruments are inserted through tiny incisions to assess and repair damaged structures. This technique is commonly used to reattach torn ligaments or stabilise cartilage damage in individuals with mild to moderate shoulder instability.
Open Shoulder Surgery
A traditional surgical approach is used for more severe injuries or recurrent dislocations. A larger incision is made to allow direct access to the joint, enabling the surgeon to repair or reconstruct damaged ligaments, tendons, or bone structures for improved stability.
Latarjet Procedure
A surgical technique performed when bone loss in the shoulder socket contributes to instability. A section of the coracoid bone, along with its attached muscle, is repositioned to reinforce the front of the joint. This provides additional support and helps prevent further dislocations, making it a preferred option for individuals with repeated shoulder instability or those involved in contact sports.
After surgery, a structured rehabilitation plan is necessary to restore strength, mobility, and function. Recovery time varies, but most patients gradually return to daily activities within a few months.
When to Seek Medical Attention
A dislocated shoulder requires prompt medical attention to prevent further complications. If you experience severe pain, particularly if movement is restricted, it may indicate joint misalignment or additional tissue damage. A visibly deformed shoulder, where the joint appears out of place, suggests displacement that requires immediate repositioning. Limited arm movement, especially difficulty raising or rotating the arm, can be a sign of structural injury. Additionally, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arm, hand, or fingers may indicate nerve involvement. Seeking timely treatment helps reduce the risk of recurrent dislocations and long-term joint instability.
Conclusion
A dislocated shoulder can be managed effectively with the appropriate treatment, whether through non-surgical care or surgical intervention. Rehabilitation helps in restoring movement, strengthening the joint, and reducing the risk of future dislocations.
If you have experienced a shoulder dislocation or are dealing with ongoing instability, book a consultation today to explore the most suitable treatment options for your condition.