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Total hip replacement, also known as total hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure where damaged bone and cartilage in the hip joint are removed and replaced with prosthetic components. This procedure is primarily conducted to alleviate pain and improve function in the hip that has been impaired by damage or disease.
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint, connecting the pelvis to the lower limb. This structure allows for weight-bearing and stability. In cases where the hip joint is severely damaged, movement can become restricted and painful. This may warrant a total hip replacement.
Total hip replacement surgery is recommended when other treatments have not provided adequate pain relief and when the condition seriously hinders daily activities. The primary indications include:
Common conditions leading to total hip replacement include:
The primary indication for total hip replacement is continuous hip pain that limits everyday activities such as walking or bending and persists even while resting. This level of pain usually suggests severe deterioration of the hip joint.
Restricted movement, particularly difficulty in lifting the leg due to hip stiffness, is an indicator of surgery. This stiffness often severely impacts the ability to perform routine tasks.
When symptoms of hip pain and disability do not improve with anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, or walking support, total hip replacement may be considered.
Preparation for total hip replacement involves several steps to ensure a successful surgery and recovery.
The total hip replacement procedure involves several steps to replace the damaged hip joint with prosthetic components.
The surgery usually takes between 1 to 2 hours. The choice of prosthetic components and the specific techniques used can vary based on individual patient needs.
Recovery and rehabilitation after total hip replacement may include:
Total hip replacement surgery offers numerous benefits, particularly for individuals who have not found relief through other treatments.
One of the main benefits of this surgery is its potential to reduce hip pain. By replacing the damaged joint surfaces, patients typically experience a decrease in pain levels.
Total hip replacement often results in enhanced mobility. Patients generally find it easier to perform everyday activities like walking, climbing stairs, and getting in and out of chairs, which were painful or difficult before surgery.
Many patients with reduced pain and improved joint function after surgery typically find it easier to increase their overall activity levels. They can engage in a variety of low-impact activities such as swimming, biking, and golf.
While the longevity of the implants can vary, most patients can expect their hip replacement to last for many years, depending on factors like activity level and body weight.
Like all surgical procedures, total hip replacement comes with potential risks and complications.
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Delaying a total hip replacement when it is recommended can result in worsening symptoms, such as increased pain and a further reduction in joint mobility. It may impact the quality of life and make daily activities increasingly difficult. Discuss with a hip specialist to evaluate the best course of action for your specific condition.
The recovery time after a total hip replacement varies among individuals. Most patients may resume light activities within 3 to 6 weeks post-surgery, depending on individual circumstances. Full recovery and the ability to engage in more strenuous activities can take several months. The timeline can depend on factors such as the patient’s overall health, the extent of the surgery, and adherence to rehabilitation and exercise programs.
Anaesthesia is used during surgery to manage pain. While some discomfort is expected post-surgery, it is typically mitigated through prescribed medications. Over time, as the hip heals and strengthens, the pain and discomfort decrease, leading to long-term relief from the pre-surgical hip pain.
Returning to sports after a total hip replacement depends on individual recovery and the nature of the sport. Low-impact activities such as swimming, cycling, and golfing are generally encouraged as they are less strenuous on the hip joint. Some high-impact sports may need to be avoided or modified. Consult a hip specialist for personalised guidance based on your specific circumstances and progress in recovery.