SCHEDULE AN APPOINTMENT WITH US
Are Your Symptoms Affecting Your Quality Of Life?
Consult our MOH-accredited orthopaedic specialist for a detailed consultation & personalised treatment plan today.
Clavicle Fracture
Dr. Chee Kin Ghee
What Is A Clavicle Fracture?
A clavicle fracture, commonly known as a broken collarbone, is a break in the clavicle bone, one of the primary bones in the shoulder. The clavicle, positioned between the ribcage (sternum) and the shoulder blade (scapula), connects the arm to the body and lies above several nerves and blood vessels.
This injury can be extremely painful and may hinder arm movement. Due to the clavicle’s location and its role as a strut connecting the sternum to the shoulder blade, it is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the body.
Types of Clavicle Fracture
Clavicle fractures can be categorised based on the location of the fracture along the bone.
Lateral Third Fractures
These occur near the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, where the clavicle meets the shoulder. They are the second most common type of clavicle fractures and can present in various patterns.
Middle Third Fractures
These are the most prevalent, occurring in the middle portion of the clavicle. This type represents the typical scenario of a clavicle fracture, where the break happens approximately halfway between the sternum and the AC joint.
Medial Third Fractures
These are the least common and occur near the sternoclavicular joint, where the clavicle connects to the sternum.
Symptoms
Patients with a clavicle fracture typically exhibit the following symptoms:
- Pain and Swelling
Prominent pain at the fracture site, which worsens when attempting to move the arm, accompanied by swelling over the shoulder region.
- Shoulder Deformity
Visible bulge or alteration in the shoulder line, indicating a possible deformity at the fracture site. - Bruising and Tenderness
The affected area may show signs of bruising and be tender to touch. - Grinding Sensation
Experiencing a grinding feeling when raising the arm.
Causes and Risk Factors
The primary cause of clavicle fractures is a forceful impact or trauma to the shoulder area. Several factors may increase its risk.
- Falls or Blows to the Shoulder: These fractures often result from a fall onto the shoulder or an outstretched arm, putting pressure on the bone, and leading to its breakage. It can also occur from direct blows to the shoulder, such as in vehicle accidents or during contact sports. Individuals engaged in certain activities, such as cycling, football and martial arts, may be at higher risk of injury.
- Birth Trauma: In babies, clavicle fractures can happen during birth as they pass through the birth canal.
- Age: Older adults may be at risk due to their loss of bone strength and likeliness of falling.
Diagnosis
The process of diagnosing a clavicle fracture involves:
- Physical Examination
The initial assessment focuses on the symptoms and physical signs of a fracture. This may include checking for deformity, and tenderness, and assessing the range of motion.
- Imaging Studies
X-rays help in pinpointing the fracture’s location and understanding its severity. They may also be used to check for additional injuries in the shoulder area. In more complicated cases, a CT scan might be necessary to get a more detailed view of the fracture, especially to assess for tracheal impingement or hidden fractures. - Neurological Examination
A detailed neurological examination can be conducted to rule out any association to brachial plexus injury.
- Vascular Assessment
The arm’s vascular status should be assessed, focusing on the subclavian artery near the clavicle.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
For clavicle fractures where the broken bone ends have not shifted, non-surgical treatment methods are often effective.
Arm Support
Clavicle fracture specialists may recommend the use of an arm sling or a collar and cuff to immobilise the arm and shoulder to promote healing. It is typically used for 4-6 weeks.
Pain-Relieving Medication
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and, in some cases, steroid injections can be used to manage pain.
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy plays a role in regaining strength and mobility in the arm and hand muscles. Exercises for elbow motion may start immediately after the injury to prevent stiffness in the shoulder and elbow.
Surgical Treatment Options
Surgical intervention may be considered for clavicle fractures in cases where the bone pieces are displaced. The main goals are to realign the fractured bone and ensure stable healing.
- Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)
This involves repositioning the bone fragments into their normal alignment and then securing them with special metal hardware, such as plates and screws, to maintain this alignment during the healing process.
Prevention Strategies
While not all clavicle fractures can be prevented due to the unpredictable nature of accidents and falls, certain measures can reduce the risk.
- Protecting the Shoulder from Falls or Blows: Using appropriate protective equipment, such as padded clothing, helmets, and shoulder pads, especially in high-risk sports and activities.
- Being Careful When Engaging in Physical Activities: Exercising caution during sports and physical activities, particularly those known for higher risks of falls or collisions.
- Removing Hazards at Home: Creating a safe environment, especially for children and older adults, by removing tripping hazards and ensuring good lighting.
- Exercises to Improve Strength and Balance: Engaging in exercises that improve muscle strength and balance can help prevent falls, especially in older adults.
Our Clinic Locations
Spire Hand & Upper Limb Centre
3 Mount Elizabeth, #07-10
Singapore 228510
Monday – Friday: 9.00am – 6.00 pm
Saturday: 9.00am – 1.00pm
Sunday & PH: CLOSED
Spire Orthopaedic Physiotherapy & Rehab Centre
101 Irrawaddy Road, #18-03
Singapore 329565
Monday – Friday: 9.00am – 6.00 pm
Saturday: 9.00am – 1.00pm
Sunday & PH: CLOSED
Get Started
Book An Appointment
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What Helps a Clavicle Fracture Heal Faster?
Accelerating the healing of a clavicle fracture involves adhering to your doctor’s treatment plan, which may include using a sling for immobilisation, pain management, and controlled physical therapy. Following medical help and possibly engaging in physiotherapy under the guidance of a clavicle fracture specialist can contribute to a quicker recovery.
How Should You Sleep With a Clavicle Fracture?
It is generally recommended to sleep in a semi-upright position, such as in a recliner or with the use of multiple pillows for support. This position helps in reducing discomfort and also aids in immobilising the affected area.
What Exercises Can I Do With a Clavicle Fracture?
Initially, gentle movements of the fingers, wrist, and elbow can help maintain mobility. As the healing progresses, specific shoulder exercises may be recommended by the clavicle fracture specialist to regain strength and flexibility without compromising the healing process.
What Happens If a Clavicle Fracture Goes Untreated?
Leaving a clavicle fracture untreated can lead to complications such as improper healing, chronic pain, decreased shoulder strength, or reduced range of motion. In severe cases, untreated fractures can cause long-term deformities. Seek help from a clavicle fracture specialist for appropriate treatment to avoid these complications.
Can a Good Diet Help Heal a Clavicle Fracture?
A balanced diet plays a supportive role in the healing process. Nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, protein, and antioxidants can aid in bone healing and overall recovery. While diet alone cannot heal a fracture, it can complement medical treatments.