Olecranon Bursitis Treatment In Singapore

What is Olecranon Bursitis?

Olecranon bursitis is a condition characterised by inflammation of the olecranon bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that facilitates smooth movement between the elbow bone (olecranon) and the overlying skin. This bursa’s primary function is to reduce friction between the skin and the underlying olecranon.

When it becomes inflamed, the condition known as olecranon bursitis emerges, leading to pain and potentially affecting the elbow’s functionality​​.

Causes and Risk Factors

An olecranon bursitis arises from a range of factors, which can include the following.

• Trauma to the Elbow: A common cause of olecranon bursitis is trauma, such as a hard blow to the tip of the elbow. This can lead to excess fluid production in the bursa, causing swelling.
• Prolonged Pressure on the Elbow: Regularly leaning on the elbow for extended periods, particularly on hard surfaces, can also lead to bursitis. This type of bursitis tends to develop over several months.
• Activities Involving Frequent Stress to the Elbow: Individuals in certain occupations, like plumbing or air conditioning, which often involve crawling and leaning on their elbows, are at higher risk. Specific sports or exercises that involve prolonged elbow pressure, like maintaining plank positions, can also contribute to the condition.
• Infection to the Elbow: An open wound at the elbow, like an insect bite or puncture wound, can introduce bacteria into the bursa sac, leading to infected bursitis.
• Certain Medical Conditions: Certain rheumatological conditions such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis are associated with the development of olecranon bursitis.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

Several non-surgical methods are available to treat olecranon bursitis, focusing on reducing inflammation and alleviating pain.

Rest and Activity Modification

In the initial stages of the condition, olecranon bursitis specialists may suggest reducing or eliminating activities that aggravate the condition. Patients should avoid putting pressure on the elbow and refrain from movements that exacerbate pain or swelling. This rest period allows the inflamed bursa to recover, reducing inflammation and discomfort.

Elbow Pads

An olecranon bursitis specialist may recommend this for conditions not caused by infections. Wearing elbow pads provides cushioning and protection to the affected area, especially for those whose occupations or daily activities involve leaning on the elbow. This helps alleviate symptoms and prevents further irritation or injury to the bursa.

Medication

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen, are commonly used to manage pain and reduce swelling associated with olecranon bursitis. They reduce the body’s inflammatory response, thereby offering symptom relief.

Corticosteroid Injections

For patients who do not respond adequately to oral medications and rest, corticosteroid injections may be considered. These injections deliver a potent anti-inflammatory medication directly into the bursa, providing more pain relief and reduction in swelling.

Aspiration

In cases where bursitis is caused by an infection, aspiration (removing fluid with a needle) can be used. It helps relieve the pressure and pain caused by fluid accumulation. Following aspiration, antibiotics are prescribed to treat the infection, with the type of antibiotic tailored based on the results of the fluid analysis.

Surgical Treatment Options

Surgery is typically recommended for patients who experience persistent pain and swelling despite non-surgical treatments, or when there is a recurrent infection in the bursa that does not improve with antibiotics.

• Bursa Removal (Bursectomy)
  The most common surgical procedure for olecranon bursitis is the removal of the inflamed bursa, known as a bursectomy. This procedure involves excising the bursa to alleviate the symptoms. The body will often naturally create a new, non-inflamed bursa over time.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing olecranon bursitis involves measures aimed at reducing stress on the elbow and avoiding conditions that can lead to the inflammation of the bursa.

• Avoiding Prolonged Pressure on the Elbow: Avoid resting the elbow on hard surfaces for extended periods, especially for those with occupations or hobbies that involve frequent elbow pressure.
• Protect the Elbow from Trauma: For those in jobs or sports that put them at risk, using protective elbow pads can help cushion the elbow and distribute pressure more evenly, thereby reducing the risk of bursitis.
• Minimise Stress on the Elbows During Sports: Athletes, especially those engaged in activities that involve elbow use, should ensure they use the correct technique and appropriate equipment to minimise stress on the elbows.
• Take Regular Breaks and Exercise the Elbow: Taking regular breaks during activities that involve repetitive elbow movements can prevent overuse. Additionally, exercises that strengthen the muscles around the elbow can provide better support and reduce the burden on the bursa.
• Managing Underlying Health Conditions: For individuals with medical conditions such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis, managing these conditions effectively can reduce the risk of developing olecranon bursitis.